Ten warning signs

The following is a list of the 10 warning signs of Alzheimer's disease. If anyone you know shows some of these signs, contact a doctor. The symptoms may also be signs of other treatable conditions. If the diagnosis is Alzheimer's disease, help is available.

Memory loss that affects day-to-day function

It's normal to occasionally forget appointments, colleagues' names or a friend's phone number and remember them later. A person with Alzheimer's disease may forget things more often and not remember them later, especially things that have happened more recently.

Difficulty performing familiar tasks

Busy people can be so distracted from time to time that they may leave the carrots on the stove and only remember to serve them at the end of the meal. A person with Alzheimer's disease may be unable to prepare any part of a meal or forget they ate it.

Problems with language

Everyone has trouble finding the right word sometimes, but a person with Alzheimer's disease may forget simple words or substitute inappropriate words, making his or her sentences difficult to understand.

Disorientation of time and place

It's normal to forget the day of the week or your destination ñ for a moment. But a person with Alzheimer's disease can become lost on their own street, not knowing how they got there or how to get home.

Poor or decreased judgment

People may sometimes put off going to a doctor if they have an infection but eventually seek medical attention. A person with Alzheimer's disease may not recognize the infection as a problem or go to the doctor at all. Or they may dress inappropriately, wearing heavy clothing on a hot day.

Problems with abstract thinking

From time to time, people may find balancing a cheque book difficult. Someone with Alzheimer's disease could forget completely what the numbers are and what needs to be done with them. Celebrating a birthday is something many people do, but a person with Alzheimer's disease may not understand what a birthday is.

Misplacing things

Anyone can temporarily misplace a wallet or keys. A person with Alzheimer's disease may put things in inappropriate places: an iron in the freezer or a wristwatch in the sugar bowl.

Changes in mood or behaviour

Everyone becomes sad or moody from time to time. Someone with Alzheimer's disease can exhibit rapid mood swings "from calm to tears to anger" for no apparent reason.

Changes in personality

People's personalities can change somewhat with age. But a person with Alzheimer's disease can change dramatically, becoming extremely confused, suspicious or withdrawn. Changes may also include apathy, fearfulness or acting inappropriately.

Loss of initiative

It's normal to tire of housework, business activities or social obligations, but most people regain their initiative. A person with Alzheimer's disease may become very passive, and require cues and prompting to become involved.

Adapted with permission from the Alzheimer's Association, U.S.

These warning signs have been released as part of the 1998 Alzheimer Awareness campaign. This campaign is generously supported by Bayer Inc., Bowen and Binstock Advertising, Hoechst Marion Roussel Canada Inc., Novartis Pharma Canada and Pfizer Canada Inc.